The core content of labor law
The Labor Law of the Russian Federation, promulgated in December 2001, is a major law regulating labor relations in Russia. The main purpose of the Code is to establish State guarantees of Labour rights and civil liberties, to create good working conditions and to protect the rights and obligations of employers and employees. The main task of the Law is to create the necessary legal conditions for the reasonable adjustment of the rights and obligations of employers and employees, the protection of the interests of the state, and the legal regulation of labor relations and their related indirect relations (organization and management of labor, labor placement, vocational training and further education, supervision of compliance with labor laws and payment of social insurance, settlement of labor disputes).

Employees are employed on the basis of an employment contract. Labor contracts are divided into fixed-term contracts and non-fixed-term contracts. A contract without a specified period of time is regarded as an indefinite contract. The probation period usually does not exceed 3 months. The probation period for the person in charge of the enterprise, the chief accountant and his deputies shall not exceed 6 months. When the labor contract expires, if neither party proposes to terminate the contract, the contract shall be automatically extended.

The labor contract may be terminated at any time with the consent of both parties. A fixed-term labor contract for talents can be terminated by notifying the employee in writing 3 days before the expiration of the contract. The employee who proposes to terminate the labor contract shall notify the employer in writing two weeks in advance. The employee has the right to withdraw his resignation application before it expires. After the resignation application expires, the employee has the right to terminate his/her employment.

[Labor compensation] The Labor Code of Russia stipulates that the labor compensation of employees is protected by the State, and the state sets the minimum wage standard for employees. The minimum wage, which came into effect on January 1, 2009, is 4330 rubles. The minimum wage does not include grants, subsidies, bonuses and other incentives.

[Legal working hours] 8 hours a day, no more than 40 hours a week. Five days a week, overtime should be paid for extra work. Employees are entitled to 28 days of paid leave after the first 6 months of continuous service.

[Employee social insurance] In Russia, employee social insurance is collected by classification, and the specific classification, responsibilities and rights are shown in the following table.

Social insurance for Russian workers
Insurance and social security fund types are paid as a percentage of the amount of wages
28% of retirement insurance is fully covered by the employer
Social insurance is 4% fully covered by the employer
Health insurance is fully covered by 3.6% of employees